Root Division: Multiply Your Medicinal Herb Harvest with These Plant Propagation Tips (2024)

Written and Photographed by Juliet Blankespoor

Root Division: Multiply Your Medicinal Herb Harvest with These Plant Propagation Tips (1)

Planting meadowsweet divisions into pots


Division is the easiest form of vegetative propagation. It involves digging up and severing a portion of the root system of a plant, and replanting it. Depending on the plant species and age, one to twenty divisions may be made from one plant. In running plants, such as the mints (Mentha spp.), partridgeberry (Mitchella repens), gotu kola (Centella asiatica), jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum), Monarda spp., and Arnica chamissonis, one digs up the runners (stolons and rhizomes) and plants them in a new site or container. In clumping plants, such as elecampane (Inula helenium), valerian (Valeriana officinalis), Echinacea spp., motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca), meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), comfrey (Symphytum spp.), and culver’s root (Veronicastrum virginicum), one can thrust a shovel into the center of the clump and pry free the divisionling. I generally don’t have the heart for this method and prefer digging up the whole plant and getting a good look at its root system. I then divide the roots with a garden knife (hori-hori), shovel, or pruners and replant each section in it’s new garden spot. Each section contains either buds (when the plant is dormant) or leaves and shoots if the plant is actively growing and green. Take care to plant your divisionlings with the buds pointing up.

August 2021 Safety Update: Boneset and comfrey contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can be harmful to the liver over time when ingested internally. Recent research shows that the PAs found in these plants (and other PA-containing plants) can be taken up by other plants when grown in close proximity or when comfrey is used in the garden as mulch or fertilizer. In light of this, we are recommending that comfrey should not be interplanted with herbs or food plants in the garden that will be ingested or used as mulch or fertilizer to err on the side of caution. However, mature compost that includes comfrey does not seem to contain PAs once it has been fully composted according to this study.

Root Division: Multiply Your Medicinal Herb Harvest with These Plant Propagation Tips (2)

Root Division: Multiply Your Medicinal Herb Harvest with These Plant Propagation Tips (3)


In the two images above, a clump of calamus (Acorus calamus) is divided. The image on the bottom shows three pieces that are ready to be transplanted to a new home in the garden.

Most people divide plants in the fall or spring when the plant is dormant and the temperatures are not too cold. I prefer to make divisions in the fall as there is generally less garden work than the springtime, and the roots may also grow when the plant is dormant. With my nursery, I have planted small roots from division in the fall and come spring, peeked into the pot and witnessed the growth of a larger root system, all taking place in the absence of photosynthesis! Early spring is also a fine time to divide plants. If you have a leafy active plant, cut back some of the growth as the inevitable damage to the root system will stress the plant with more leaves transpiring and losing moisture. Water in your divisionlings; seaweed tea will encourage root growth, which will increase their survival. Depending on the season, species, size of division, expertise, loving care in the transition to plant independence (watering, soil, etc.) you might have 70-100% survival.

Lucky for herbalists, early spring and fall are also the best times to harvest roots! If you’ve got your sights set on harvesting the roots of clump- or rhizome-forming medicinals, you can take part of the plant for medicine and replant the rest.

In the four images below, a clump of meadowsweet is dug up, and pulled apart into smaller pieces which are then ready for transplanting in the garden (or in our case, into nursery pots).

Root Division: Multiply Your Medicinal Herb Harvest with These Plant Propagation Tips (4)

Root Division: Multiply Your Medicinal Herb Harvest with These Plant Propagation Tips (5)

Replanting a meadowsweet divisionling


We replant our divisionlings in pots with our nursery. Consider hosting or attending a spring seed/plant swap; it’s a great way to get to know other plant folks, learn about new useful plants, and increase variety in the garden without purchasing plants.

Root Division: Multiply Your Medicinal Herb Harvest with These Plant Propagation Tips (6)

Dividing lemonbalm

_

This article is an excerpt from a larger article on plant propagation.

Meet The Green Mastermind Behind Blog Castanea:

Root Division: Multiply Your Medicinal Herb Harvest with These Plant Propagation Tips (7)

JULIET BLANKESPOOR is the founder, primary instructor, and Creative Director of the Chestnut School of Herbal Medicine, an online school serving thousands of students from around the globe. She's a professional plant-human matchmaker and bonafide plant geek, with a degree in botany and over 30 years of experience teaching and writing about herbalism, medicine making, and organic herb cultivation. Juliet’s lifelong captivation with medicinal weeds and herb gardening has birthed many botanical enterprises over the decades, including an herbal nursery and a farm-to-apothecary herbal products business.

These days, she channels her botanical obsession through her writing and photography in her online programs, on her personal blog Castanea, and in her new book, The Healing Garden: Cultivating and Handcrafting Herbal Remedies. Juliet and her family reside in a home overrun with houseplants and books in Asheville, North Carolina.

Interested in becoming a contributor?

© Chestnut School of Herbal Medicine and chestnutherbs.com, 2011-2024. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Chestnut School of Herbal Medicine and chestnutherbs.com with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.

Looking for more blog articles about medicinal herb cultivation?

Remember, we’ve got a wheelbarrow-full of herb gardening and seed starting resources on the blog. Come on over to browse, pick up our personal gardening tips, and learn about our can’t-live-without garden medicinals.

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Root Division: Multiply Your Medicinal Herb Harvest with These Plant Propagation Tips (2024)

FAQs

How do you propagate by root division? ›

To propagate, dig the corms out of the soil and separate them if there are multiples attached to each other. Plant them in fresh soil just below the surface, with the root portion aiming downwards and the growing side pointed up. Water them accordingly and place them in bright, indirect light.

How do you propagate herbs by division? ›

Dividing perennial herbs is simply done with a garden fork or shovel and a sharp knife. Just dig around the base of the plant and lever the root ball out from the soil. Grasp the clump and divide it with the sharp knife.

What does 1 root division mean? ›

noun. the act or process of reproducing plants by a division of roots or crowns.

What is the division method of plant propagation? ›

Division is a method of propagation where the entire plant is separated into smaller, whole pieces that contain all vegetative parts (leaves, stems, roots, etc.) Propagation by division creates genetic clones of the parent plant.

What are the disadvantages of division propagation? ›

Some disadvantages of using this method include: • Some plants don't produce live, (viable), seeds, and thus can not be grown this way. Seeds may take a long time to grow into mature plants. Seedlings are likely to be genetically different from parent plant, and may not have the same desirable characteristics.

When to propagate by division? ›

Generally, the best time to propagate plants by division is during their active growth period, when they are producing new shoots or before they enter their dormant phase. This can vary among plant species. Spring and early summer are ideal times to propagate many plants, as they are in their active growth stages.

Is it better to propagate herbs in water or soil? ›

Now, you can propagate herbs in a glass of water—that's actually the easiest way if you're just getting started. That being said, using soil as your medium instead of water typically results in hardier plants.

How do you harvest medicinal roots? ›

To dig the roots, use a specialized digger (Hori Hori or Dandelion Digger) or a garden fork. You'll want to be careful not to break the roots as some of them have large taproots that go very deep. Use the tools to help loosen the soil around the roots, and get your hands deep into the earth.

What are the easiest herbs to propagate? ›

Plants such as basil, oregano, lavender, rosemary, thyme and sage root easily from shoot tip cuttings. Take the cutting at a node on the stem (where the leaves attach), because this is where root formation is more abundant.

How do you do the root method of division? ›

Square root of a number by long division method

Take the largest number as the divisor whose square is less than or equal to the number on the extreme left of the number. The digit on the extreme left is the dividend. Divide and write the quotient.

How to divide a root? ›

Since we're dividing one square root by another, we can simply divide the radicands and put the quotient under a radical sign. That is, the quotient of square roots is equal to the square root of the quotient of the radicands. Just as with multiplication of radicals, we can reverse this process and go the other way.

What is the best tool to divide plants? ›

You do not need special tools for dividing plants. A garden spade or fork, a serrated knife like a weeding or soil knife, and a small saw are generally all you need to get started. But one thing is necessary for all your garden tools: They must be sharp!

What are the 7 methods of propagation? ›

These seven methods include: seed propagation, cutting, layering, division, grafting, budding, and tissue culture technique.

What are three plants that can be propagated by division? ›

Dividing corms, tubers, and rhizomes

Corm-, tuber- or rhizome- producing plants like Turmeric, Sand Ginger, Fingerroot and Sweet Potato can be propagated by separating these root structures and burying them into well-draining soil.

What tools are used for division propagation? ›

Plants are dug from the field or removed from containers and cut into sections using a knife, ax or saw depending on the size of the crown. For some species, offsets of the crown separate easily and can be removed by hand.

How do you do roots by division method? ›

Square root of a number by long division method

Take the largest number as the divisor whose square is less than or equal to the number on the extreme left of the number. The digit on the extreme left is the dividend. Divide and write the quotient. Here the quotient is 2 and the remainder is 0.

How do you propagate root cuttings? ›

Lift the plant when dormant and wash the roots.
  1. Select young, vigorous pencil thick roots, about the thickness of a pencil, and cut them off close to the crown with a sharp knife or secateurs.
  2. Remove no more than one-third of the root system from the parent plant, and replant the parent plant as soon as possible.

How do plants propagate through roots? ›

Cuttings taken from roots may also be used but only a few species can be propagated this way. Cuttings are taken when the plant is dormant and the roots contain the most stored energy. Each root produces two to three new stems and each stem then produces its own roots. The original root cutting disintegrates.

What is a root cutting propagation? ›

: a piece of root used in propagating a plant (as blackberry, horseradish, or oriental poppy) compare cutting sense 1a. 2. : the basal sections of jute fibers unsuitable for use in the spinning process. usually used in plural. root-cuttings are separated from the other fibers.

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