What to Know about Adjustable-Rate Mortgages (2024)

The initial rate on an Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM) is now 4.04%. The average fixed rate on a 30-Year fixed-rate mortgage stands at 5.49% currently.

ARMs – Not Only About Initial Interest Rate

Adjustable-rate mortgages, ARMs, are currently experiencing a resurgence in popularity. Demand has increased +10% since the traditionally favored 30-year fixed-rate single-family interest rate has increased from approximately 3.1% at the beginning of 2022 to more than 5% currently.

By comparison, the initial interest rate of an adjustable-rate mortgage on 5/1 ARM stands at 4.04%. (Interest rate quotes change weekly so what is written here today may not apply at the time of your reading this article.)

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The Basics of ARMS

David Mendels, director of planning with Creative Financial Concepts in New York, said, “There is a lot of variability in the specific terms (of ARMS) as to how much the rates can go up and how quickly. No one can predict what rates will do, but one thing is clear – there is a whole lot more room on the upside than there is on the downside.”

Think about the name, adjustable-rate mortgage. A 5/1 ARM tells consumers that the introductory rate of the mortgage lasts five years (the “5”). After five years, that introductory rate can change once every year (the “1”).

Some lenders offer a 3/1 ARM with the initial rate lasting three years, a 5/1 ARM with the initial rate lasting five years, a 7/1 ARM with the initial rate lasting seven years, and a 10/1 ARM with the initial rate lasting ten years.

After knowing how long the initial rate would last and how often that rate could change, consumers need to know how much the initial rate would be adjusted AND what the maximum rate charged would/could be.

Know that the interest adjustment would likely NOT be an increase of just 1 – 2%. Most mortgage lenders also add an agreed-upon percentage point (called the margin) to get to the total rate an ARM borrower would pay. Know that the interest rate ARM borrowers would pay depends on the contract terms so READ THE CONTRACT BEFORE SIGNING IT.

Understand Contract Terms

Know that ARMs generally come with caps on each annual adjustment over the life of the loan. Know that these caps vary among lenders so, understand these terms:

  • Initial Adjustment Cap – The cap indicates how much the interest rate can increase the first time the ARM is adjusted after the fixed-rate period ends. It’s common for the cap to be no more than 2% higher than the initial rate during the fixed-rate period.
  • Subsequent Adjustment Cap – This cap indicates how much the interest rate can go up in the adjustment periods that follow. Commonly, this number is +2%, meaning that the new rate can’t be more than 2% higher than the initial adjustment cap.
  • Lifetime Adjustment Cap – This cap indicates how much the interest rate can go up over the total life of the loan. Commonly, this number is 5%, meaning that the rate can never be 5% points more than the initial rate. BUT some lenders have higher caps.

Pros & Cons of ARMS

ARMS make sense for buyers who anticipate moving before the initial rate period (3/1. 5/1, 7/1, 10/1) expires. (However, know that life happens and buyers may not be able to move prior to the initial rate period expiring.) ARMs also make sense for expensive homes because the difference between the initial rate on an ARM and a 30-year fixed could be thousands of dollars a year.

ARMS do not make sense for mortgages less than $200,000 simply because the savings are less comparatively with a fixed-rate mortgage. ARMs do not make sense for mortgage on “forever homes.” They also don’t make sense if the buyer is putting down a low down-payment because, according to Stephen Rinaldo, president and founder of the mortgage broker Rinaldi Group, “If the market corrects for whatever reason and home values drop, you could be underwater on the house and unable to get out of the ARM.”

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What to Know about Adjustable-Rate Mortgages (2024)

FAQs

What is the main downside of an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

Monthly payments might increase: The biggest disadvantage of an ARM is the likelihood of your rate going up.

What are the most important factors to consider when considering an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

ARMs are riskier than fixed-rate loans because your rate and payments can increase, so an ARM might not make sense unless you can save money. Additionally, review the ARM's interest rate caps, which determine how much the loan's rate can increase during the first adjustment, additional adjustments and overall.

Is it ever a good idea to get an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

Using an ARM may also make sense if you're looking for a starter home and may not be able to afford a fixed-rate mortgage. Historically, says McCauley, most first- and second-time homebuyers only stay in a home an average of five years, so ARMs are often a safe bet.

What are the requirements for an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

ARM Loan Requirements
  • Minimum 620 Credit Score. Rocket Mortgage requires a credit score of 620 or higher for ARM loans.
  • Debt-To-Income Ratio ≤ 50% You'll need a debt-to-income ratio of 50% or lower.

Do arm rates ever go down? ›

The main difference between ARMs and fixed-rate mortgages is that ARMs have an interest rate and monthly payments that can go up and down over time, whereas fixed-rate mortgages have an interest rate that never changes, so the monthly principal-and-interest payments stay the same.

Can you refinance a 5/1 ARM after 5 years? ›

Homeowners can refinance their ARM to a fixed-rate mortgage at any time.

Can you pay off an ARM mortgage early? ›

Some ARMs may require you to pay fees or penalties if you refinance or pay off the ARM early, usually during the initial period (the first three to five years) of the loan. Prepayment penalties can total several thousand dollars. It's important to know about these potential extra fees before you take out an ARM.

Who is a good candidate for an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

An ARM may make sense if the home buyer has a stable income and expects it to stay the same or increase. However, a fixed-rate mortgage may be a better choice if their income is less predictable or changing. With an ARM, the interest rate can change, which means monthly payments can also change.

Why would a homeowner choose an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

It'll help you save money if you plan to move in a few years. Because this type of loan carries an interest rate that adjusts after the first five to 10 years, it makes it an attractive mortgage option for those who plan to sell their house and move before the rate adjusts to a potentially higher level.

Can you get out of an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

You can refinance an ARM loan and by doing so, you'll replace your existing mortgage with a new one. In this case, it can be either another ARM or a fixed-rate mortgage.

Will interest rates go down in 2024? ›

Forecasters expect rates to land closer to mid-6 percent by the end of 2024, according to Bankrate's August mortgage rate outlook. “Even if the Fed starts cutting rates this year, mortgage rates won't get down to, or below, 6 percent unless there is a significant economic slowdown,” McBride says.

What is an average of an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

Today's ARM mortgage rates

The national average 5/1 ARM refinance interest rate is 6.42%, up compared to last week's of 6.40%.

What is the biggest drawback of an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

One of the significant drawbacks of adjustable-rate mortgages is the potential for the monthly mortgage payment to increase. As the interest rate adjusts, the monthly payment changes accordingly.

What is the risk of an adjustable-rate mortgage? ›

The monthly minimum payment on an ARM payment could double in five years. The monthly payment could even triple or quadruple if interest rates reach the interest rate cap in your loan agreement. These kinds of payment shocks may be unavoidable over time.

Do you need 20% down for an ARM? ›

In most cases, expect a minimum of 5% down, though 20% is preferred because private mortgage insurance (PMI) is often required on loans with less than a 20% down payment.

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