Your money will be digital. Will it be smart? (2024)

Synopsis

Lines of cryptographic code, running on a distributed ledger technology such as the Ethereum blockchain, will calculate the right payment amount, and come embedded with conditions for a transfer of value from one party to another. The money itself will contain these capabilities, and we don’t need to look very far to see who will make it available to us.

Your money will be digital. Will it be smart? (1)Agencies

It’s fun to watch young children learn to handle cash by buying an ice cream and giving us back the change. But there will be nothing adorable about being surrounded by machines that need equally patient hand-holding when it comes to using money, like making sure our refrigerator stocks up the right vegetables in correct quantities before it pays the delivery robot.
Doing this every day with each of our 15 online devices will mean we do nothing else in our internet-of-things future.

The conventional financial system will be of little help. Banks can clear fast payments. With the backing of the legal system, intermediaries can make our appliances honor and enforce obligations. However, when it comes to making payments that are contingent upon the delivery of a product, service or asset, the existing technology will become overwhelmed when everything gets connected.

That’s where smart, or programmable, money comes in. Lines of cryptographic code, running on a distributed ledger technology such as the Ethereum blockchain, will calculate the right payment amount, and come embedded with conditions for a transfer of value from one party to another. The money itself will contain these capabilities, and we don’t need to look very far to see who will make it available to us.

The Bahamian Sand Dollar was the world’s first digital currency issued by a central bank, though it won’t be alone for long. From China to Sweden, authorities are preparing to offer electronic cash. Britain has set up a task force to explore a Britcoin. If it goes ahead, a digital euro and an American FedCoin won’t be far behind.

A twofold wariness is driving this experimentation. Some central banks fear the rising influence of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin; others fret about the growing market power of e-commerce and payments firms that are harnessing data from billions of transactions. Competition between the U.S. and China for global financial dominance is another motivation. In all this, perplexed users are asking, “What’s in it for me?”

The short answer: Ask your future car. The real utility of a central bank digital currency may be realized when one internet-enabled machine pays another, without having to ask us for permission every time.

At present, we think of the money we move from a savings account to a digital wallet as cash, even though the dollars, pounds or yen being spent are the liability of the wallet operator. It’s the sovereign’s job to clear the operator’s — or its bank’s — IOUs. The monetary authority performs that function by debiting one account and crediting another. That’s when the transaction that we began by paying someone digitally is permanently settled. With official digital cash, the liability for the money simply shifts from the operator to the central bank.

Even aficionados of behind-the-scenes real-time gross settlement won't find digital cash much different in day-to-day lives from what we’re already used to.

But give it five or 10 years, and our lives might change. We may be ferried around in autonomous cars that need to fuel up and park after dropping us off. Would we really like to receive annoying messages from our bank in the middle of a meeting, wanting us to validate payments at the gas station or the parking lot? It’ll take another urgent text from the car’s computer to assure us that our vehicle is getting the service we’re paying for, and asking if it has our go-ahead to part with $23.65. More work for us.

Programmable money can simplify lives. A Bundesbank working group report has explored nine potential use cases, from redemption of securities maturing on a Saturday morning to offline payments, cross-border remittances and machine-to-machine transactions. In some instances, conventional finance can rise to the challenge by integrating blockchain-based smart contracts into its workflow. Cryptocurrencies can also do the job, but they may be “unsuitable in practice due to volatility, limited interoperability and issues regarding legal certainty," says the study. Commercial lenders could issue their own tokenized money, though “transferring large sums between the accounts of customers of different commercial banks would be risky.”

It may be more practical, therefore, for central banks to make their digital currencies smart. The private sector can do the programming. The money we put in the car’s wallet would handle fuel, parking and toll expenses. The refrigerator’s app could deduct an item the online grocery forgot to send and pay the rest of the bill without messing up the entire delivery.

Drawback: Our children may grow up not knowing how to count change. But as long as their robot nanny buys them an ice cream at the fair — and is able to pay before it’s melted — we shouldn’t complain.

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Your money will be digital. Will it be smart? (2024)

FAQs

Is the United States going to the digital dollar? ›

U.S. President Joe Biden ordered officials to look into a digital dollar in 2022 but it has become a divisive political issue with Biden's Republican rival in this year's U.S. election race, Donald Trump, vowing not to allow it.

Will digital currency replace cash in the future? ›

IMF says central bank digital currencies can replace cash: 'This is not the time to turn back' IMF's Kristalina Georgieva said that the public sector should keep preparing to deploy central bank digital currencies and related payment platforms in the future.

Should we get rid of paper money? ›

For instance, using cash instead of credit or debit cards may help keep some people from overspending, because you can see how little is left in your wallet after every purchase. In short, getting rid of cash would impose hardships on society's most vulnerable people and could jeopardize our privacy.

Is cash better than digital? ›

Digital transactions make record-keeping and credit-building easier since they create a clear trail. In addition, they have security features like biometric authentication and PINs, which lower the chance of theft as compared to cash.

How to protect your money from the digital dollar? ›

Use strong passwords, keep your antivirus software up-to-date, and avoid clicking on suspicious links or downloading unknown software. Also, protect yourself by using two-factor authentication when you login to data-sensitive sites. CBDC is a digital currency, so you'll need to make sure your digital assets are secure.

Will cash become obsolete? ›

It might seem like cash is slowly becoming obsolete. But, Brett Scott says it's a false narrative that we're all pining for a cashless society.

How close are we to a cashless society? ›

The US is moving toward cashless payments, with a substantial increase in the use of mobile wallet apps and contactless cards. A report from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco found that payments made using cash accounted for just 18% of all US payments in 2022.

Which banks are going cashless? ›

However Commonwealth Bank, NAB and ANZ have stopped handling cash in a few branches, and banks' efforts to make it more difficult for customers to transact in cash have sparked backlash.

What will happen when we go cashless? ›

When people are handling less cash, bank robberies, burglaries and corruption drop. Because cash is essentially untraceable, it's a useful tool for criminals, where digital currency is less easy to exploit, and can be shut down quickly if it falls into the wrong hands.

Why shouldn't we go cashless? ›

The downsides of going cashless include less privacy, greater exposure to hacking, technological dependency, magnifying economic inequality, and more. Credit and debit cards, electronic payment apps, mobile payment services, and virtual currencies in use today could pave the way to a fully cashless society.

Is the US currency in trouble? ›

Demand for the U.S. dollar is also high because it is the world's most prevalent reserve currency; many nations hold large reserves of the dollar. For these reasons, among many others, the likelihood of the U.S. dollar collapsing is zero.

How much paper cash should you keep? ›

“We would recommend between $100 to $300 of cash in your wallet, but also having a reserve of $1,000 or so in a safe at home,” Anderson says. Depending on your spending habits, a couple hundred dollars may be more than enough for your daily expenses or not enough.

What banks are preparing for the digital dollar? ›

Several U.S. financial institutions are collaborating to test the feasibility of a digital dollar based on distributed ledger technology. Participants include BNY Mellon, Citi, HSBC, Mastercard, PNC Bank, TD Bank, Truist, U.S. Bank, and Wells Fargo.

Are there any cashless countries? ›

Sweden, the first European country to introduce banknotes in 1661, became the world's first cashless society on 24 March 2023. Finland and the UK are top–ranked to become cashless societies as well. Poland, on the other hand, has scrapped plans to limit cash payments to ensure freedom of choice.

Is Apple cash digital? ›

Apple Cash is a digital card that lives in Wallet. It's an easy way to send and receive money from Messages or from Wallet. And because it's a digital card, your Apple Cash can be spent in stores, online, and in apps with Apple Pay.

Which country is going to digital currency? ›

The Bahamas, Jamaica, and Nigeria have already introduced CBDCs. And more than 100 countries are in the exploration stage. Central bankers in Brazil, China, the euro area, India, and the United Kingdom are at the forefront.

How would a US digital dollar work? ›

The Federal Reserve would issue the digital currency to commercial banks, who would then distribute it to people like you and me. You could receive direct deposits of digital dollars into your e-wallet, convert physical cash into e-dollars, or buy them with regular dollars and have them deposited into your e-wallet.

What will replace the dollar? ›

A future counterweight to the greenback could take a number of different forms, such as a central bank digital currency, a stablecoin, a basket of existing BRICS currencies or a currency backed by precious metals like gold and silver.

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